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            <div class="post-toc animated"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#8086"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">8086</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#8086%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">8086处理器概述</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="nav-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">内部结构</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83EU"><span class="nav-number">1.1.1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">执行单元EU</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BA%BF%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3BIU"><span class="nav-number">1.1.1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">总线接口BIU</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#8086%E5%82%A8%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86"><span class="nav-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">8086储存器管理</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%BC%95%E8%84%9A"><span class="nav-number">1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">引脚</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#8086%E6%80%BB%E7%BA%BF%E7%9A%84%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%97%B6%E5%BA%8F"><span class="nav-number">1.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">8086总线的操作时序</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%BB%E5%9D%80%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="nav-number">1.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">指令格式和寻址方式</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="nav-number">1.4.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">指令总结</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">汇编程序</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%B9%B6%E8%A1%8C%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A38255A"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">并行接口8255A</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%AD%97%EF%BC%88%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%89"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">工作方式选择控制字（考试重点）</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#8255A%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">8255A的工作方式</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%8F%AF%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E5%99%A8-%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%99%A88253"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">可编程定时器&#x2F;计数器8253</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#8253%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%AD%97%E5%92%8C%E8%AF%BB%E5%86%99%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%EF%BC%88%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%89"><span class="nav-number">4.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">8253的控制字和读写操作（考试重点）</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#8253%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F-6%E7%A7%8D"><span class="nav-number">4.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">8253的工作方式(6种)</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%85%AD%E7%A7%8D%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%93"><span class="nav-number">4.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">六种工作方式小结</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
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<h1 id="8086"><a href="#8086" class="headerlink" title="8086"></a>8086</h1><h2 id="8086处理器概述"><a href="#8086处理器概述" class="headerlink" title="8086处理器概述"></a>8086处理器概述</h2><h3 id="内部结构"><a href="#内部结构" class="headerlink" title="内部结构"></a>内部结构</h3><p>从功能上看，8086可分为两大部分：执行部件<strong>EU(Execution Unit)</strong> 和 总线接口<strong>BIU(Bus Interface Unit)</strong> 。</p>
<h4 id="执行单元EU"><a href="#执行单元EU" class="headerlink" title="执行单元EU"></a>执行单元EU</h4><p>负责进行所有指令的解释和执行，同时管理有关的寄存器。</p>
<p><strong>相关寄存器</strong>：4个通用寄存器（AX、BX、CX、DX）、4个专用寄存器（SI、DI、SP、BP）、PSW状态寄存器</p>
<p>全称和功能：<a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%881%EF%BC%89/#%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6EU">#执行部件EU</a></p>
<h4 id="总线接口BIU"><a href="#总线接口BIU" class="headerlink" title="总线接口BIU"></a>总线接口BIU</h4><p>负责完成取指令送指令队列，配合执行部件的动作，从内存单元或者I&#x2F;O端口取操作数，或者将操作结果送到内存单元或者I&#x2F;O端口。</p>
<p><strong>相关寄存器</strong>：指针寄存器IP和四个段寄存器（CS、SS、DS、ES）</p>
<p>还包括：6字节指令队列缓冲器和20位地址加法器</p>
<p>寄存器功能和地址加法：<a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%881%EF%BC%89/#%E6%80%BB%E7%BA%BF%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6BIU">#总线接口部件BIU</a></p>
<h3 id="8086储存器管理"><a href="#8086储存器管理" class="headerlink" title="8086储存器管理"></a>8086储存器管理</h3><p>8086有20条地址总线，最大寻址空间为：2^20B &#x3D; 1MB。从00000H到0FFFFFH。在对存储器进行操作时，内存一般可分成4个段，分别称为代码段、数据段、堆栈段和附加数据段，每个段存放不同性质的数据，进行不同的操作。</p>
<p>详情：<a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%881%EF%BC%89/#%E6%AE%B5%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D">段的分配</a></p>
<h2 id="引脚"><a href="#引脚" class="headerlink" title="引脚"></a>引脚</h2><ul>
<li>AD15～AD0：地址&#x2F;数据总线</li>
<li>A19&#x2F;S6～A16&#x2F;S3：地址&#x2F;状态信号</li>
<li>BHE（低）&#x2F;S7（bushighenable&#x2F;status）：允许总线高8位数据传送&#x2F;状态信号</li>
<li>RD&#x2F;（read）：读信号，输出，三态，低电平有效</li>
<li>READY（22脚）：准备就绪信号，输入，READY&#x3D;1代表I&#x2F;O端口准备好数据</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="8086总线的操作时序"><a href="#8086总线的操作时序" class="headerlink" title="8086总线的操作时序"></a>8086总线的操作时序</h2><p><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%881%EF%BC%89/#%E6%97%B6%E5%BA%8F%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5">时序基本概念</a></p>
<h2 id="指令格式和寻址方式"><a href="#指令格式和寻址方式" class="headerlink" title="指令格式和寻址方式"></a>指令格式和寻址方式</h2><p>通常一条指令包括一个或两个操作数，双操作数分别称为源操作数（SRC）和目的操作数（DST）</p>
<p><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%882%EF%BC%89/#8086%E3%80%818088%E7%9A%84%E5%AF%BB%E5%9D%80%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F">8086、8088的寻址方式</a></p>
<h3 id="指令总结"><a href="#指令总结" class="headerlink" title="指令总结"></a>指令总结</h3><p>加粗为考试考点</p>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="864" style="width: 804px;">
    <tbody>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px" class="firstRow">
            <td height="31" width="103" style="">
                <p>
                    指令类
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="164" style="">
                <p>
                    指令名称
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="597" style="">
                <p>
                    指令助记符
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td rowspan="4" height="122" width="103" style="">
                <p>
                    数据传送
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="164" style="">
                <p>
                    数据传送
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="597" style="">
                <p>
                    MOV、LEA、LDS、LES、LAHF、SAHF
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="164" style="">
                <p>
                    堆栈操作
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="597" style="">
                <p>
                    PUSH、POP、PUSHF、POPF
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="164" style="">
                <p>
                    数据交换
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="597" style="">
                <p>
                    XCHG、XLAT
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="164" style="">
                <p>
                    输入输出
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="597" style="">
                <p>
                    IN、OUT
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td rowspan="6" height="183" width="103" style="">
                <p>
                    算术运算
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="164" style="">
                <p>
                    加法
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="597" style="">
                <p>
                    ADD、ADC、INC
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="164" style="">
                <p>
                    减法；比较
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="597" style="">
                <p>
                    SUB、SBB、DEC、NEG；CMP
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="164" style="">
                <p>
                    乘法
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="597" style="">
                <p>
                    MUL、IMUL
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="164" style="">
                <p>
                    除法
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="597" style="">
                <p>
                    DIV、IDIV
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="164" style="">
                <p>
                    扩展
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="597" style="">
                <p>
                    CBW、CWD
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="164" style="">
                <p>
                    十进制调整
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="597" style="">
                <p>
                    AAA、AAS、DAA、DAS、AAM、AAD
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="896" style="width: 804px;">
    <tbody>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px" class="firstRow">
            <td rowspan="3" height="94" width="105" style="">
                <p>
                    位操作
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    逻辑运算
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    AND、OR、NOT、XOR、TEST
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    移位运算
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    SAL、SAR、SHL、SHR
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    循环移位
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    ROL、ROR、RCL、RCR
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td rowspan="5" height="157" width="105" style="">
                <p>
                    串操作
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    串传送
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    MOVS、MOVSB、MOVSW
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    串存取
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    STOS、STOSB、STOSW、LODS、LODSB、LODSW
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    串比较
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    CMPS、CMPSB、CMPSW
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    串搜索
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    SCAS、SCASB、SCASW
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    串输入输出
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    INS、INSB、INSW、OUTS、OUTSB、OUTSW
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td rowspan="4" height="164" width="105" style="">
                <p>
                    程序控制
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    调用
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    CALL、RET
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    中断
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    INT、INTO、IRET
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    重复操作
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    LOOP、LOOPE/LOOPZ、LOOPNE/LOOPNZ、JCXZ
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="70" style=";height:70px">
            <td height="70" width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    跳转
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    JA/JNBE、JAE/JNB、JB/JNAE、JBE/JNA、JG/JNLE、JE/JZ、JNE/JNZ、JGE/JNL、JL/JNGE、JNC、JC、JNS、JS、JP/JPE、JNP/JPO、JNO、JO
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td rowspan="2" height="63" width="105" style="">
                <p>
                    处理器控制
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    清除标志
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    CLC、STC、CMC、CLD、STD、CLI、STI
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    时序控制
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    NOP、WAIT、HLT、ESC
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td rowspan="3" height="94" width="105" style="">
                <p>
                    前缀操作
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    重复前缀
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    REP、REPZ/REPE、REPNZ/REPNE
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    段前缀
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    ES：、DS：、CS：、SS：
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr height="31" style=";height:31px">
            <td height="31" width="171" style="">
                <p>
                    总线封锁前缀
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="620" style="">
                <p>
                    LOCK
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>比较两个数大小的转移指令的现行指令都是CMP。小结：</p>
<table data-sort="sortDisabled">
    <tbody>
        <tr class="firstRow">
            <td width="143" valign="top" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    比较情况
                </p>
            </td>
            <td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    无符号数
                </p>
            </td>
            <td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    带符号数
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    指令助记符
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    满足条件
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    指令助记符
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    满足条件
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    A&lt;B
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    JB/JNAE/JC
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    CF=1
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    JL/JNGE
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    SF⊕OF=1且ZF=0
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    A&lt;=B
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    JBE/JNA
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    CF=1或ZF=1
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    JLE/JNG
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    SF⊕OF=1或ZF=1
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    A&gt;B
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    JA/JNBE
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    CF=0且ZF=0
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    JG/JNLE
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    SF⊕OF=0且ZF=0
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    A&gt;=B
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    JAE/JNB
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    CF=0或ZF=1
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    JGE/JNL
                </p>
            </td>
            <td width="143" valign="top" style="word-break: break-all;">
                <p>
                    SF⊕OF=0或ZF=0
                </p>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<h1 id="汇编程序"><a href="#汇编程序" class="headerlink" title="汇编程序"></a>汇编程序</h1><p><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%883%EF%BC%89/#%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F">汇编语言程序格式 和 汇编语言程序书写格式</a></p>
<p><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%883%EF%BC%89/#%E4%BC%AA%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5">伪指令语句</a></p>
<p><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%883%EF%BC%89/#BIOS%E5%92%8CDOS%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD">BIOS和DOS中断</a></p>
<h1 id="并行接口8255A"><a href="#并行接口8255A" class="headerlink" title="并行接口8255A"></a>并行接口8255A</h1><p>8255A是Intel公司生产的通用可编程并行接口芯片,8255A采用40脚双列直插封装，单一+5V电源，全部输入&#x2F;输出与TTL电平兼容。它有三个输入&#x2F;输出端口：端口A、端口B、端口C。每个端口都可通过编程设定为输入端口或输出端口，但有各自不同的方式和特点。端口C可作为一个独立的端口使用，但通常是配合端口A和端口B的工作，为这两个端口的输入&#x2F;输出提供控制联络信号。</p>
<p><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%884%EF%BC%89/#%E8%8A%AF%E7%89%87%E5%BC%95%E8%84%9A">芯片引脚 和 内部结构</a></p>
<h2 id="工作方式选择控制字（考试重点）"><a href="#工作方式选择控制字（考试重点）" class="headerlink" title="工作方式选择控制字（考试重点）"></a>工作方式选择控制字（考试重点）</h2><p><strong>工作方式选择控制字</strong> <a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%884%EF%BC%89/#%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%AD%97">查看详细</a><br><img data-src="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%884%EF%BC%89/2.png" alt="控制字必背"><br><strong>端口C按位置位／复位控制字</strong> <a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%884%EF%BC%89/#%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3C%E6%8C%89%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%BD%8D%EF%BC%8F%E5%A4%8D%E4%BD%8D%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%AD%97">查看详细</a><br><img data-src="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%884%EF%BC%89/3.png" alt="端口C按位置位／复位控制字必背"></p>
<h2 id="8255A的工作方式"><a href="#8255A的工作方式" class="headerlink" title="8255A的工作方式"></a>8255A的工作方式</h2><p>8255A有3种工作方式，可以通过编程来进行设置。</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%884%EF%BC%89/#%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F0">方式0</a>为简单I&#x2F;O，查询方式，端口A、端口B、端口C均可使用。</li>
<li><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%884%EF%BC%89/#%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F1">方式1</a>为选通I&#x2F;O，中断方式，端口A、端口B可以使用。</li>
<li><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%884%EF%BC%89/#%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F2">方式2</a>为双向I&#x2F;O，中断方式，只有端口A可以使用。</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="可编程定时器-计数器8253"><a href="#可编程定时器-计数器8253" class="headerlink" title="可编程定时器&#x2F;计数器8253"></a>可编程定时器&#x2F;计数器8253</h1><p>可编程定时器&#x2F;计数器，是一种软硬件结合的定时器&#x2F;计数器，将定时器&#x2F;计数器电路做成通用的定时器&#x2F;计数器并集成到一个芯片上，定时器&#x2F;计数器工作方式又可由软件来控制选择。这种定时器&#x2F;计数器芯片可直接对系统时钟进行计数，通过写入不同的计数初值，可方便地改变定时与计数时间，在定时期间不占用CPU资源，更不需要CPU管理。Intel公司生产的8253就是这样的可编程定时器&#x2F;计数器芯片。8253具有三个独立的功能完全相同的16位减法计数器，24脚DIP封装，由单一的+5V电源供电。</p>
<p><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%885%EF%BC%89/#%E5%BC%95%E8%84%9A">引脚</a> 、 <a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%885%EF%BC%89/#%E5%BC%95%E8%84%9A">内部结构</a></p>
<h2 id="8253的控制字和读写操作（考试重点）"><a href="#8253的控制字和读写操作（考试重点）" class="headerlink" title="8253的控制字和读写操作（考试重点）"></a>8253的控制字和读写操作（考试重点）</h2><p>8253的控制字主要用于：选择哪个计数器通道工作，决定用8位的计数值或是用16位的计数值，按二进制计数或按十进制计数(BCD码)，工作在那种方式。<br><img data-src="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%885%EF%BC%89/4.png" alt="控制字必背"></p>
<p><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%885%EF%BC%89/#%E5%9C%A8%E8%B5%8B%E5%88%9D%E5%80%BC%E6%97%B6%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E4%B8%A4%E7%82%B9">赋初值时需要注意！</a></p>
<p><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%885%EF%BC%89/#8253%E7%9A%84%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%88%E5%86%99%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%EF%BC%89">8253的初始化编程（写操作）</a> 、 <a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%885%EF%BC%89/#8253%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8D%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%EF%BC%88%E8%AF%BB%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%EF%BC%89">当前计数值的读取（读操作）</a></p>
<h2 id="8253的工作方式-6种"><a href="#8253的工作方式-6种" class="headerlink" title="8253的工作方式(6种)"></a><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%885%EF%BC%89/#8253%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F">8253的工作方式(6种)</a></h2><ul>
<li>方式0 —— 计数到零产生中断请求</li>
<li>方式1 —— 可重触发的单稳态触发器</li>
<li>方式2 —— 分频器</li>
<li>方式3 —— 方波发生器</li>
<li>方式4 —— 软件触发选通方式</li>
<li>方式5 —— 硬件触发选通方式</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="六种工作方式小结"><a href="#六种工作方式小结" class="headerlink" title="六种工作方式小结"></a>六种工作方式小结</h2><p>在六种工作方式中，只有方式0在写入控制字后OUT输出为低电平，其他五种方式OUT输出都为高电平。方式2、方式4和方式5都是输出宽度为一个CLK周期的负脉冲，输出波形都相同，但方式2是连续工作的，方式4是由软件触发的，方式5是由硬件门控脉冲触发的。<br><img data-src="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%885%EF%BC%89/11.png" alt="6种工作方式"><br>一般情况下，GATE信号为低电平时禁止计数，为高电平时允许计数，方式1和方式5则需要有由低变高的上升沿触发脉冲来启动计数。<br><img data-src="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%885%EF%BC%89/12.png" alt="GATE门控信号的作用"><br>8253在计数过程中写入新的计数初值，对计数过程的影响见表所示。<br><img data-src="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%EF%BC%885%EF%BC%89/13.png" alt="GATE门控信号的作用"></p>
<p><a href="/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%82%B9%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E9%A2%98.docx">练习题</a></p>

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